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Linux Tutorial

Networking and Package Management

Use ip, ping, curl, ss and distribution package managers for practical system work.

Concept

Networking diagnostics should move from local configuration to name resolution, reachability, ports and application responses. Tools such as ip, ss and curl each answer different layers of the problem.

Package commands vary by distribution. Debian-family systems commonly use apt, while Red Hat-family systems commonly use dnf.

Example

ip addr
ip route
ss -tulpn
curl -I https://example.com
Type the example yourself and change at least one value. Small experiments reveal syntax and behavior faster than passive reading.

Practice Tasks

  1. Find your default route.
  2. List listening TCP ports.
  3. Fetch response headers from a website with curl.

Key Takeaways

  • Use layered troubleshooting.
  • Listening ports do not guarantee the application is healthy.
  • Package managers depend on the distribution.
Next
Bash Scripting and Troubleshooting →